The New Negro Summary free essay sample

English II Summary In the beginning Locke tells us about â€Å"the tide of Negro migration†. During this time in a movement known as the Great Migration, thousand of African Americans also known as Negros left their homes in the South and moved North toward the beach line of big cities in search of employment and a new beginning. They left the South because of racial violence such as the Ku Klux Klan and economic discrimination not able to obtain work. Their migration was an expression of their changing attitudes toward themselves as Locke said best From The New Negro, and has been described as something like a spiritual emancipation. Many African Americans moved to Harlem, a neighborhood located in Manhattan. Back in the day Harlem became the world’s largest black community; also home to a diverse mix of cultures. Having extraordinary outbreak of inspired movement revealed their unique culture and encouraged them to discover their heritage; and becoming the New Negro,† Also known as â€Å"New Negro Movement,† it was later named the Harlem Renaissance. We will write a custom essay sample on The New Negro Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Realizing that America was not yet the racial equal country that it idealized to be, African Americans made sure to keep themselves conscious of what society would react to them. In order to create successful and meaningful literature, African American writers were forced to fully educate themselves on the government and history so as to compile accurate literature. One such writer was James Weldon Johnson; taking on the persona of a black preacher, he was able to greatly impress upon the black community how important it was to have a strong faith in God and in oneself. Catapulting the 1920s artistic movement that created a bulk of the first major literary pieces by African Americans, Johnson was the ancestor of great men and women such as Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Wallace Thurman, and W. E. B. Du Bois. Langston Hughes is often called the poet laureate of Harlem. His poetry is an effective commentary on the adverse conditions faced by blacks in America during the 20th Century. Hughes placed a particular emphasis on Harlem, an area in New York that was predominately Black, which became a Mecca for many hopeful blacks in the first half of the 1900s. Hughes has a theme in most of his poetry, in other words his writing style was to write poetry that is called dream deferred. His use of a dream deferred focus in several poems paints a vivid picture of the disappointment and dismay that blacks in America faced in Harlem. Furthermore, as each his poems develop, so does the feeling behind a dream deferred, his words make the reader feel the growing anger and seriousness even more at each new stanza. In order to understand Hughes idea of the dream deferred, one must have a working knowledge of the history of Harlem. It was first intended to be the home of an upper class white community, many fancy brownstones attracted wealthy whites. Between 1906 and 1910, when whites were forcing blacks out of their own homes and neighborhoods in uptown Manhattan, the blacks began to move into Harlem to create their communities again. Due to absurd racial fears, the whites in the area began to move out. Between 1910 and the early 1940s, more blacks began flooding into the area for a safe harbor from all over the world, fleeing from the racial intolerance of the South and the economic problems of the Caribbean and Latin America. At this point, Harlem became an entirely black area where comfort was created for all of them. Although it seemed to be a good thing, this town once filled with much potential, soon became riddled with overpopulation, exploitation, and poverty. Thus, what awaited new arrivals was not a dream; rather, it was a dream deferred. They began to hurt themselves without even knowing it. Harlem, Hughes first poem, clearly outlines the dream deferred theme, setting the pace for the poems to follow. The poem begins with, What happens to a dream deferred? The poem explains the dream, the promise of Harlem, and what blacks hoped to find there: opportunity, improved conditions for living, and the freedom from racial intolerance. When blacks arrived in Harlem, though, their dream was deferred; instead of the opportunities they had envisioned, they were faced with congestion, mistreatment, and dearth. It is clear that at the beginning of Harlem, the frame of mind that accompanies a dream deferred is a questioning one that begins a search for characterization. This mood, which Hughes develops as each poem progresses, encourages the reader to reflect upon the meaning of a dream deferred, is preparing them for its development. As the poem continues, it lists the different possible fates of a dream that unfortunately never become reality. Hughes unique poetical vision and insight is the main reason for Hughes prominence. He sometimes has been considered a superior poet than Countee Cullen. Since Cullen had documented his disagreements with Hughes poetry, many claimed that he was limited in vision. However, Cullen did agree with Hughes poetical subject matter. Hughes believed, and practiced, that any aspect of life common to African-Americans was worth writing about. He stated that it was best to include Afro-speech in poetry. It is evident that in Hughes point of view black life was worth philosophizing about. On the other hand, Cullen did not believe that poetry should be used to describe daily life; he believed that poetry should be specifically set apart from everyday life. It was this type of perceptual limitation that set Hughes apart from other African-American poets, including Cullen. Although his views were different, Countee Cullen was also a greatly significant personality during the Harlem Renaissance. It was said that he was an American poet, a leading figure with Langston Hughes in the Harlem Renaissance. His work is also an excellent contribution to the foundation of the Renaissance. In Countee Cullens poem If You Should Go, he emphasizes on the understanding of human joys and sorrows, for people of all races. The use of different examples exhibits the importance of joy, such as love and dream. Both of the stanzas include a persons feeling or reaction towards joy during happy moments as well as the feelings after the joyous moment has passed. In this poem, Cullen cleverly conveys several different messages to the reader. One of the themes of the poem is that one never realizes what he/she has until it is lost. In this case it refers to joyous moments. In the second stanza, the poet also tells the reader that joy creates an everlasting memory in a persons mind that is then exhibited in the persons personality or the gleam on the [persons] face. Although, Cullen does not mention whom the love is directed towards in the first stanza, and neither what the dream is about in the second stanza the reader can interpret that it has been said in a positive manner. Using a classic example of metaphor, love is compared to the light that brightens a day just the way in which joys brightens peoples lives. Not only in this poem, but also in each of Cullens poem he displays this same ingenious writing style. Cullens contribution to the Harlem Renaissance is a privilege for the era. All of the writers created an amazing outreach to the rest of the world with their different and unique pieces of work. The writers of the time period described the Negro dilemma: the problem of cultural affiliation and the inability to resolve the seamy reality of the present with the dream of ancestral homelands. They explain the paradoxical crisis of self-expression and perception, fulfillment of the white-propagated stereotype of primitivism, while corrupting their noble, yet untamed African impulses. They suffer under the dilemma of political inefficacy, suppressing radical political impulses with the passive-resistant front of a falsely smiling face. Thus, the Negro dilemma seemingly presents itself in full. The writers of the Harlem Renaissance have gracefully portrayed the truth of what the past was like for them, and people today need to recognize that they went through all of this in order to be what they are today. They are a tremendous contribution to the society of the United States today, and without them it most likely would not be as well rounded and diversified as it is now

module 1 assignment C Essay examples

module 1 assignment C Essay examples module 1 assignment C Essay examples Module 1: TMA C Question 1 Temperature Time (Seconds) PH 10 ºc 95 7 15 ºc 65 7.2 20 ºc 42 7.1 25 ºc 30 7.4 Question 2 (a) Two sets of rats were used so there would be a control set in both parts of the experiment. The experiment was to see the effect of milk on the development of the rats. By giving one set milk for a certain amount of time then stopping the milk after 18 days and giving the same amount to the other set It was possible to control the variables that may effect the results. (b) 20 rats were used rather than two to ensure reliability of the investigation. If just 2 rats were used the end results may have been caused by another factor other than milk, such as illness of one of the rats. By using so many rats an average of the results can be calculated and therefore the end result more accurate. (c) Calcium – a mineral found in milk that is responsible for making teeth and bones. Vitamin A - a vitamin found in milk responsible immune health and for normal growth and development of body tissues. (d) Young rats were used rather than adults because this investigation was measuring an increase or decrease of mass of the rats. Young rats were going through a time of rapid development, in adults most of the growing would have already occurred and thererfore we would not have such an informed result of the effect of milk on development. (e) In previous investigations, rats that were given no milk became ill and died, the rats needed to stay alive for ethical reason, reliability and accuracy of the investigation. Switching the diets after 18 days was important for reasons such as; The rats with no milk in the first set were given milk before they died, therefore this made the full investigation possible. We can see what happens when milk is added to the previously deprived set, the rats begin to grow normally and in correlation with the set who were given milk in the first place. This adds proof that milk has an effect on growth. We can see what happens when milk is omitted from the diet, the rats stop thriving and growth rate actually drops. This adds further proof that milk has an effect on the growth and development of rats. Question 3 (a) X – Bile duct (b) B - Stomach (c) C – Pancreas (d) G – Ileum (small intestine) (e) A – Liver (f) D or F Colon (large intestine) Not clear from diagram if F is rectum or colon. Question 4 (a) 1. pancreas 2. Small intestine (b) Salivary glands and pancreas (c) ileum (d) Liver Question 5 (a) The function of the stomach is not to digest food, its fucntion is to break down food using enzymes, digestion takes place in the small intestine. â€Å"The function of the stomach is to break down food using enzymes†. (b) The small intestine doesn't actually absorb food it is here that food is absorbed. â€Å"Food

Quotations

Quotations Quotations Quotations By Mark Nichol When quotations are integrated into the syntax of a sentence, joining forces with a paraphrase to create an extended statement, the first word in the original quote is generally not capitalized. Here are three examples of sentences in which the quotation’s initial word is demoted. 1. Without federal instructions, he added, â€Å"People are just going to keep putting stuff out on the road with no guidance on how do we do this the right way.† The quotation marks accurately denote the speaker’s exact statement, but the writer has inserted a modifying phrase to provide additional context, paraphrasing the speaker’s intent. Because the combination of this phrase and the original statement constitute a grammatically complete sentence, the first word of the original quotation should be lowercased to indicate that it has been incorporated into a more comprehensive statement: â€Å"Without federal instructions, he added, ‘people are just going to keep putting stuff out on the road with no guidance on how do we do this the right way.’† (As originally written, the implication is that the person added the comment despite having no federal instructions.) 2. â€Å"You can admit that ‘Yes, there is a need in a humane society for institutions that take care of people who are poor.’† As with the previous example, the initial paraphrase has been inserted to provide context, so yes is no longer the first word of a sentence. Also, normally, when that serves as a bridge from a paraphrase to a quotation, in order to provide a seamless syntax, no punctuation follows that. Here, however, yes is an interjection, so it must be preceded and followed by punctuation: â€Å"You can admit that, ‘yes, there is a need in a humane society for institutions that take care of people who are poor.’† 3. The lawsuit also alleges that Remington and the other defendants â€Å"Marketed and promoted the assaultive qualities and military uses of AR-15s to civilian purchasers.† Here, the quoted material was never stated or written as a complete sentence. As a partial quotation, it should begin with a word that starts with a lowercase letter: â€Å"The lawsuit also alleges that Remington and the other defendants ‘marketed and promoted the assaultive qualities and military uses of AR-15s to civilian purchasers.’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals80 Idioms with the Word TimeShore It Up

Initiating Change in the Manufacturing and Distribution Division of Case Study

Initiating Change in the Manufacturing and Distribution Division of PolyProd on page 241-246 in the Cummings & Worley tex - Case Study Example PolyProd is an epitome of failing to upgrade existing information management practices. The Manufacturing and Distribution Division (M & D Div) is in dire need for change initiation. There is a serious gap between the actual thing the company ought to do and what it really does. The M & D Div is riddled with strong opposition to large-scale or externally initiated change. The organization’s headquarter s is characterized by conservatism and unwillingness to change. It is also still wobbling from swift growth that has caused its transformation into universal business center. Lastly, the headquarters suffers from cultural discontinuity. There is extremely high cost of connection between the headquarters and subsidiaries (Cummings & Worley, 2009). The causes of M & D Div’s documentation problems are numerous and intertwined. The top management tried to upgrade documentation quality in the past. The implementation of the change was incomplete leading to the collapse after some early triumph. This happened because the organization’s climate never supported the change. The project social and technical features were not adequately incorporated (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Poor coordination between headquarters and local sites contributed to insufficient organizational climate change. Documentation was also deficient of trained and experienced staff (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Organizational structure and culture played huge role in change implementation failure. The case study is crucial in understanding the complexity of implementing change in large organizations, especially technology-oriented

Logbook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Logbook - Essay Example For initial understanding of the term terrorism, I got the U.S. Law definition of terrorism which means â€Å" pre-meditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents†. Then I gathered materials from the internet regarding its concepts and the September 11 attacks and related information. After knowing and understanding the broader meaning and description of terrorism, I gathered the needed information: the who’s, what, why, how and the results and impact of the said attacks. Likewise, I saw the need to have an overview of the Middle East to have a better understanding of the said tragic incident. Basically the Middle East is a region rich in oil. The politics and issues stemming from the region have mostly revolved around oil and Israel. With this major energy reserves which helped support western economies many superpowers have been involved in the Middle East such as the US, Britain, Soviet Un ion, and France and also because of its location in the map. In contemporary times, foreign interest in the region had mostly been credited yo the oil reserves and its strategic position. After the first week , I gained a deeper insight of the September 11 attacks and had a better understanding of the whole incident taking special attention on the details on who are its perpetrators and their background, the root cause, why it happened, how it happened and the resulting actions especially from the US Administration headed by former Pres. George W. Bush. I really did not have much knowledge before of the whole incident and the plan of action of Pres. Bush after the incident particularly on the war against terror declared on the 22nd of September and other major changes relative to his efforts against terrorism (e.g. U.S. Patriot Act in October 2007). I have gained sufficient understanding of the perpetrators referred to as Osama Bin Laden through his Al-Qaida terrorist organization , and their aims which are to inflict terror on the people and authorities governing the most powerful nation in the world as they do not agree with the actions and ideologies of the US. This helped me developed a logical researching skills. It also helped me understand the September 11 attacks by gathering an overview of the Middle East which was quite easy for me to accomplish. After gathering all the information on the background of this world-acclaimed phenomenon through the internet and library materials, I am prepared to write chapter 1 of my dissertation. The major sources which I used included the following: America Attacked 9 11 by attacked911.tripod.com/, September 11,2001- washington.com. The parts of Chapter 1 which I considered challenging are the perpetrators and their background, the reasons for doing the attacks and the plans of former Pres. Bush after the attacks. I developed a logical researching skill by understanding the motivations of the perpetrators and their b ackground. As I went on with my research I began to develop critical thinking skills. This requires that I analyze and evaluate all the information I gathered to select which are most relevant and appropriate for the discussion of every issue in the topic of 9/11 attacks. Indeed it was tough and difficult to choose the best information for a thorough and complete discussion of the issues like the war against terror and the alleged implication of Iraq in the 9/11 attacks.

Violation of Rights in the Film Guilty by Suspicion :: essays research papers

America is the land of the free. America is the land in which "Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech or the right of the people peaceably to assemble." (Amendment I to the US Constitution.) This means that Americans can say whatever they believe, and be part of any club, group, or political affiliation they choose. The Bill of Rights also declares in the Fifth Amendment that ?No Person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." This means that in court, a person may remain silent, and cannot be forced to incriminate themselves. An American also may not be deprived of their life, freedom, or belongings without a trial. Guilty by Suspicion is about how the violation of these rights affected normal, innocent, Americans. Many, many lives were ruined by the unjust accusations and the insistence on confessing that others were Communists. In Guilty by Suspicion, I really understood how the characters felt. The one standout actor was Patricia Wettig, as Dorothy. She was heartbreaking as the actress who commits suicide after she is accused of being a Communist by her husband, she cannot find work, and her child is taken away from her. Joe Lesser was a small but memorable character played by Martin Scorsese. Joe was memorable because his hyper, obnoxious, Chihuahua-like acting style really took away from the solemnity of the rest of the movie. The filming was not especially notable, but there were other nice effects. The period music was great, with motifs such as Louis Armstrong. The continuing music and film from the classic Gentlemen Prefer Blondes was wonderful. It was ironic that when David id being told to get a lawyer, so he won?

Gulf Oil Analysis Essay

Statement of Problem & Alternatives George Keller of the Standard Oil Company of California (Socal) is considering how much to bid for Gulf Oil Corporation (Gulf), which is currently in the middle of a bidding war. Gulf is unwilling to consider bids below $70 per share even though their share price was $39 at the time Boone Pickens began purchasing shares in the hopes of a takeover. II. Statement of Facts and Assumptions Under the direction of James Lee, Gulf pursued a twofold strategy. First, Gulf renewed its focused on oil whereas in the past, Gulf had developed into an energy conglomerate through various acquisitions of coalmines, uranium mines, and synthetic fuel plants. These ventures would be de-emphasized going forward. For second part of the strategy, Gulf planned to implement a policy of increased expenditures on exploration and development (E&D). During the years leading up to the takeover attempt, Gulf more than doubled its exploration outlays. While Gulf was continuing with its ambitious E&D program, the real price of oil and natural gas declined from 1982 through 1983. As 1984 began, almost all industry experts were in agreement that the price of oil (in constant dollars) was not expected to change for the following 10 years. Lee trimmed exploration expenditures in 1983 in response to these changing fundamentals. Even at the reduced level, spending for exploration in real terms equaled or exceeded that of every year before Lee’s arrival except one. Based on this picture, Socal needs to value Gulf. There are several sources of value that can be considered: the value of Gulf’s petroleum reserves; the cost savings related to the immediate suspension of Gulf’s E&D program; the tax benefits associated with additional leverage; the value added by shortening the recovery lag; and the value of any adverse effe cts due to the acquisition of Gulf by a competitor1. In addition to calculating Gulf’s reserve value, Socal needs to be mindful of its competition. Both Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) and Kohlberg Kravis  Roberts & Company (KKR) are financially limited should Gulf’s share price continue to escalate. It would be difficult for ARCO to bid more than $75.00 per share given that its resulting debt-to-capital ratio would exceed 60% (historically high). KKR is in a similar situation. Mesa, led by Pickens, currently holds 13.2% of Gulf’s stock at an average purchase price of $43. In order to bid successfully, Mesa would have to borrow many times their net worth. With banks queuing up to lend money to support an $80 share price (or higher), Socal will have to take on a considerable amount of financial leverage. III. Analysis Although there are multiple sources of value, this analysis focuses on valuing Gulf’s reserves, assuming E&D activities will cease post acquisition (liquidation value). The critical elements that enter into the valuation of Gulf’s reserves are: Acquisition date: Since we are trying to establish why Gulf became so valuable within a short period of time from when their share price was $39 to when a minimum bid level of $70 per share was established, it’s appropriate to use January 1st, 1984 as the first year Socal assumed ownership of Gulf. Reserve life: Assumed a reserve-to-production ratio of 12:1. It takes approximately 4 years for the stream to come online and the field, once online, is productive for another 7-10 yrs. Based on this ratio, Gulf’s reserves are depleted at a rate of 192.75 million barrels per year over a 12-year period. Inflation rate: 4.67% based on the average inflation rates observed between 1982 and 1983. There was an unusually high rate of inflation between 1978 and 1981 so years prior to 1982 were not included. However, a sensitivity analysis was performed to observe the effects of a higher inflation rate based on historical averages (see Exhibit 1). Oil sales: Oil price is expected to stay at $22.42 in constant dollars (prices are adjusted for inflation). Production costs: Production cost per barrel is expected to stay at $6.48 in constant dollars (prices are adjusted for inflation). See Exhibit 2. Exploration costs: The capitalized portion of past extraction costs are recognized as depreciation when the corresponding oil is produced. These depreciation expenses vary from year to year based on historical costs. See Exhibit 3. Working capital: For this analysis, working capital is assumed to be negligible given that the analysis is geared towards determining Gulf’s reserve value. Capital  expenditures: For this analysis, capital outlays are assumed to be zero given that the analysis is geared towards determining Gulf’s reserve value. Gulf’s E&D program ceases post acquisition. Discount rate: Gulf’s weighted average cost of capital calculated to be 15.35%. See Exhibit 4. Utilizing a discount rate of 15.35% and the assumptions outlined above with a free cash flow model (see Exhibit 6), Gulf’s reserves are worth an estimated $80.73 share ($16,120.69M)2. Adjusting the inflation upwards to 8.37%, Gulf’s reserves are worth an estimated $96.16 per share ($15,895.35M). Since Socal would be taking on additional debt, it’s important to check whether or not future free cash flows cover the incremental interest expense. Exhibit 7 shows that future cash flows easily cover interest expense associated with up to a $90 per share purchase price. Additionally, taking the free cash flow derived in Exhibit 6 (basis for an $80.73 share price) and discounting based on Socal’s WACC (16.96% – see Exhibit 5), we arrive at a reserve valuation of $75.56 per share. Adjusting inflation upwards to 8.37% and discounting at Socal’s WACC, Gulf’s reserves are worth an estimated $89.65 per share.3 IV. Recommendations Based on the analysis, a bid of $75.56 per share for Gulf is appropriate. A bid above this price would result in a loss for Socal shareholders. This price is also above the $75 threshold, which if offered by ARCO or KKR would send their leverage above historical highs (greater than 60%). Given the valuations sensitivity to the assumed inflation rate, discount rate, and recovery lag, $75.56 represents a pessimistic valuation giving Socal management room to adjust its bid upwards if necessary. These estimates do not consider the possibility of recovering Gulf’s unrelated fixed assets. It’s important to note, the analysis is very sensitive to the discount rate assumed, recovery lag, and the inflation rate.