Ethnographic comparisons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nurture Essays

Nature/Nurture Essays Nature/Nurture Essay Nature/Nurture Essay Nature/Nurture Name: Foundation: Nature/Nurture 1. The Nature versus Nurture dignity includes the similar centrality of the inherent characteristics of an individual against singular encounters in checking or causing individual dissimilarities inside human and conduct qualities. In synopsis, the components of nature and support impact the qualities and attributes people procure dependent on hereditary qualities or the individual ecological milieu. The issue of kid improvement requires the talk exemplified inside the Nature versus Nurture banter. On one hand, clinicians and geneticists charge that the improvement of a kid picks up impact from nature, which contains hereditary qualities and organic inclination. Then again, clinicians and geneticists declare that the advancement of kid increases fundamental impact from sustain, which establishes the earth. By and by, thought of these pair of suspicions induces that both nature and support assume a critical job in underwriting kid advancement. 2. In fact, nature in which an individual involves has extensive impact on improvement. As indicated by Friendly Teacher (2005), the effect of the earth on the conduct of an individual is to be sure a by and large recognized truth. In any case, as for this factor, it is additionally essential to consider the amount of the environment’s effect on an individual’s characteristics and abilities. All things considered, one ecological factor that postures impact on kid advancement is sustenance. As a fundamental factor, nourishment represents an imperative effect on an individual’s abilities since it is comprehensively cooperative with the advancement of kids as far as self-improvement and wellbeing. While considering the environmental factors of an individual in regards to the effect on capacity, nourishment depicts an essential delineation. For example, a specific report archives an occurrence wherein a gathering of youngsters devoured mineral and nutrient enhancemen ts for eight successive months (Friendly Teacher, 2005). Moreover, the trial taught knowledge assessments preceding and after the multi month treatment. All things considered, the results uncovered upgrades in the scores with respect to the gathering in contrast with another gathering that didn't take the enhancements (as cited in Nature versus Sustain, 2001). On the other hand, the translation of the outcomes represents that the earth represents a critical obligation in the advancement of scholarly inclination among individuals. Another natural factor that stances impact on kid advancement is social collaboration. Social cooperation in the earth permits people to collective, learn and create language just as practical verbal and non-correspondence designs, which help impressively in the assistance of advancement. All things considered, kids presented to a scope of social exercises, for example, playing, narrating and other co-curricular exercises after some time grow socially, sincerely and intellectually dependent on the social connectio ns they make through the cooperating exercises. 3. Correspondingly, the qualities natural inside each individual bring about a significant impact on self-awareness. The premise of qualities frames the idea of each individual dependent on their hereditary qualities and natural piece. These hereditary codes go starting with one individual then onto the next in view of the chance of heredity. Such hereditary codes impact various attributes among people, for example, conduct, (IQ) and stature. Moreover, the qualities inside individuals form the divergence that is apparent among people. These dissimilarities incorporate physical qualities, for example, the shade of hair, the shade of the eye also hereditarily acquired illnesses (SASJones, 2010). The representation inside Twin Studies shows the matter of nature as a significant effect on the advancement of youngsters. Flanagan (2002) researched the Minnesota Study, which contained a couple of twins cultivated independently. In one case, undefined twins, known as the Jim Twins, increased separate sustaining. The twins didn't experience each other after almost forty years and shockingly, had various similitudes paying little mind to being separated for quite a while. Strikingly, there was no proof in regards to the similitudes aside from the way that nature represented a noteworthy obligation in the turn of events. As per Flanagan (2002), â€Å"The Minnesota Twin Study inferred that on various proportions of character and personality, word related and recreation time interests and social mentalities, mono-zygotic twins raised separated are about as comparable as are mono-zygotic twins raised together† (as cited in SASJones, 2010). All things considered, one can't invalidate the way that nature, regarding hereditary qualities, makes significant effect on advancement. As much as nature assumes a significant job being developed through the transmission of various qualities coming about because of qualities, it is likewise clear that nature impacts youngster improvement through hereditary variations from the norm. Hereditary variations from the norm don't really emerge out of heredity. Rather, they rely upon the hereditary structure just as guidance in the development of cells inside creatures. Generally, hereditary directions are unsteady and would thus be able to deviate from the ordinary way of working. Every so often, when the development of a sperm or ovum happens, the amount of chromosomes may segment inconsistent driving the creature to have a bigger or littler measure of chromosomes other than the standard 23. Moreover, if a strange cell amalgamates with a standard cell, the subsequent zygote will have an inconsistent figure of chromosomes, which will result into a child with a condition that has a variety of recognizing qualities that impac t advancement in an alternate way. 4. The Nature versus Nurture banter prompts further investigation in regards to the effect of hereditary qualities and the earth in the advancement of wellbeing and social issues from early stages to development. Research directed on social and mental parts of people centers around the relationship between discernment, assumption and rough conduct. One investigation completed by a group of researchers in 2005 spotlights explicitly on savage conduct. The target of the exploration dove on demonstrating the change of hereditary qualities and the earth in affecting the improvement of criminally savage people. Accordingly, the examination assembled people who had the MAO-A quality. The MAO-A quality is a quality that involves two alleles, of which one structure is short and the other structure is long. These alleles establish the MAOA-uVNTR and the 5-HTTLPR qualities (SASJones, 2010). Moreover, the examination concentrated on utilizing a situation included cases of vicious youth and child hood so as to decide the relationship between's the qualities and the savage foundation in creating criminal brutality among people. The result of the examination showed that the collaboration of qualities and the earth had dependable effect in the improvement of rough people. As indicated by SASJones (2010), the investigation portrayed that the proof of 74 percent connection between's a short MAO-A structure, a negative foundation and forceful conduct. In view of the investigation, people that had a long MAO-A structure just as an undesirable youth radiated less helplessness towards brutality. The outcomes additionally demonstrated comparable for people that had a short MAO-A structure and a most ideal youth. Concerning the way that the 5HTT quality presented invalid relationship to viciousness, it is obvious that people with the 5HTT quality, a humble MAO-An allele and a horrible foundation indicated more brutality than people who didn't have the 5HTT quality. All things considered, the general result of the investigation demonstrated that the two components, qualities and the earth, impacts fierce conduct among people and all things considered, portray the impact of nature and sustain on improvement. 5. Consideration Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) presents critical relationship towards the thought of heritability. The idea of ADHD heritability impacts how much an individual is probably going to pick up ADHD. Thapar et al., (2006) states that the danger of picking up ADHD is more prominent among family members with ADHD and lead issue. Furthermore, hereditary angles among relatives contribute hugely to ADHD indications eventually. On the other hand, certain qualities impact ADHD independent of the way that the majority of them don't have a significant effect in encouraging the confusion. Subsequently, the qualities impacting ADHD don't impact the advancement of the confusion entirely however in attributes incorporating the ailment. As per Thapar et al., (2006), the DRD4 7-rehash allele, which establishes the DRD4 quality, is liable for hostile to social conduct among kids experiencing ADHD. Also, Faraone (2000) recognizes that the hereditary investigations directed on the DRD4 quality just as the DAT quality demonstrate that people with these qualities are probably going to pick up ADHD. Moreover, the polymorphism related with the two qualities concerning their particular alleles delineates potential obtaining of the turmoil among people. All things considered, as much as the two qualities have direct linkage towards being the causative factor of ADHD, the qualities despite everything have an immaterial impact on ADHD heritability dependent on the veering off nature of their polymorphic structures. Other hereditary examinations performed on people with ADHD state that 75 percent of the people experiencing the confusion had one copy of the allele and thusly, invalidate the impact of polymorphism just as nearness of

What to Do If Your Antidepressant Stops Working

What to Do If Your Antidepressant Stops Working Depression Treatment Medication Print What to Do If Your Antidepressant Stops Working Common Reasons Your Meds May Not Be Helping Your Mood By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 29, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 05, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Dean Mitchell / Getty Images An antidepressant can work wonders for some people dealing with symptoms like low mood, loss of interest in things they once enjoyed, ennui, and lack of energy. This is especially true of folks who have moderate, severe, or chronic depression; mild depression isnt as responsive to medication.?? Regardless of the statistics, an antidepressant is not a miracle cure, nor is it a permanent fix. Some studies suggest that the rate of relapse while using an antidepressant is about 23% during a two-year period.?? Depression relapse means a person who previously was responding well to an antidepressant begins to have symptoms of depression again, everything from feeling sad, irritable, or anxious to having thoughts of self-harm or physical pain. If this has happened to you, here are some possible reasons why. Understanding them may help you and your doctor figure out why your medication has stopped working for you and what to do about it.?? Depression Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Why Antidepressants Lose Effectiveness As it turns out, there are lots of potential reasons your antidepressant seems to be fizzling out.?? Once you and your doctor have honed in on the reason (or reasons) youre no longer getting relief from your antidepressant, the next step is to work around the situation. Starting a New Medication Drug interactions are notorious for interfering with how well medication works. In the case of antidepressants, possible culprits are antibiotics and steroids.?? Both can make an antidepressant less effective. Whats more, steroids can have a direct impact on your mood. Next steps: Being upfront with all of your healthcare providers about the medications you are taking, including prescription, over-the-counter, vitamins, and supplements, can help prevent any drug interactions and enable your doctors to prescribe the best course of treatment for your physical and mental health. Smoking and Drinking Unfortunately, nicotine and alcohol use is common among many people struggling with depression. In addition to exacerbating your symptoms of depression, both tobacco smoke and alcohol can interfere with the way antidepressants are metabolized in the body.?? Next steps: If you are misusing alcohol, nicotine, or any other illicit substance, be honest with your healthcare provider. Together, you can figure out a plan to treat both your depression and your addiction simultaneously. Co-Occurring Disorders: Mental Health Issues Addiction Another Medical Condition A secondary health problem, like diabetes or hypothyroidism, can independently cause depression and make it harder to respond to treatment. Other conditions that are known to trigger symptoms of depression include Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, pancreatic cancer, hepatitis C, and multiple sclerosis (MS).?? Next steps: If youve developed a separate health problem, visit your doctor to get a proper diagnosis and plan of treatment. Once you begin treatment for the other health condition, your antidepressant may become helpful again. Added Stress Work pressure? Family issues? Big changes in your daily life, such as a move or a new job? Any type of added stress can alter your brain chemistry enough to counteract the effects of your antidepressant and cause breakthrough symptoms of depression.?? Next steps: If stress is an issue, psychotherapy or counseling can be a useful addition to your depression treatment. How Cognitive Therapy Works for Stress Relief Age Changes in metabolism and body composition in older adults can have an impact on how well medications are absorbed, metabolized, distributed, and removed from the bodyâ€"which can impact the effectiveness of the medication.?? For example, as we age, our digestive system becomes slower, causing a possible delay in the action of the medication. We also experience a decrease in liver function, which can make it harder for the body to break down medications.  Its also common for people who are older to take medication for multiple health conditions, which can also impact how an antidepressant works. Next steps: You and your doctor should weigh the pros and cons of taking antidepressants as you age as well as any adjunct therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy that can help balance any delays or sensitivities to medications. How Your Age Can Affect the Side Effects of Your Drugs Undiagnosed Bipolar Disorder The possibility of an alternative mental health diagnosis is important to consider because the seeming loss of effectiveness of an antidepressant may actually be due to the cyclic change in mood thats characteristic of bipolar disorder.?? For people with bipolar disorder, an antidepressant can induce mania and make things worse. Next steps: If you have any symptoms of  mania  or  hypomania, its important to talk to your doctor and perhaps undergo testing to see if you may have  bipolar disorder  rather than a depressive disorder. If you have bipolar disorder, you may be prescribed a mood stabilizer or antipsychotic medication in addition to your antidepressant. Tolerance When medication no longer works as well for someone as it did when they first started taking it, that person is said to have developed a tolerance for the drug. The medical term for decreased effectiveness of the medication is  tachyphylaxis, although some people refer to it as Prozac poop-out.?? This phenomenon can occur with any  selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat depression. Studies suggest that 25% to 30% of people taking an SSRI will notice a decrease in effectiveness over time.?? While no one knows for sure why these medications lose their effectiveness over time, one theory is that the receptors in the brain become less sensitive to the medication.   Besides Prozac (fluoxetine), other common SSRIs prescribed for depression include: Zoloft (sertraline)Paxil (paroxetine)Celexa (citalopram)Lexapro (escitalopram) Next steps: If youve built a tolerance to an SSRI, your doctor may discuss making changes to your prescription (such as increasing the dose), adding another medication (like buspirone), switching you to a different class of antidepressant, adding  psychotherapy  or counseling to your treatment plan, or making  lifestyle changes that may help with depression. A Word From Verywell Regularly tracking your symptoms and keeping scheduled appointments with the health professional who prescribed your medicationâ€"whether its your internist, a psychiatrist, or a psychiatric nurse practitionerâ€"can help you quickly find a remedy if your antidepressant stops working for you. During these visits, be sure to tell your healthcare provider if theres anything happening in your life that could be causing additional stress or health complications, or if another doctor has prescribed a drug for you that might interfere with your antidepressant. Finding out your medication is no longer working can be frustrating, especially since figuring out the right antidepressant likely took some trial and error in the first place. Do your best to stay patient and hopeful. It is possible to find a solution so you can feel your best again.

Stem Cells The Origin Of An Organism s Life Essay

Stem Cells â€Å"In the beginning, there is the stem cell; it is the origin of an organism s life. It is a single cell that can give rise to progeny that differentiate into any of the specialized cells of embryonic or adult tissues.† This is a very simple explanation of stem cells by Dr. Stewart Sell, a cancer researcher. Stem cells are more or less blank cells. They are identical cells that can adapt to specialized cell types. There are two types of stem cells according to the U.S. Department of Health Human Service â€Å"embryonic stem cells and non-embryonic somatic or adult stem cells.† In this paper, I will touch on roughly every aspect of stem cells. Stem cells can come from several places. Embryonic stem cells come from embryos; they are fertilized in labs. It is important to note that the eggs are not fertilized in a woman s body. At the time of removal, the embryos are at least three days old. The U.S Department of Health Human Service defines an adult cell as â€Å"an undifferentiated cell, found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ.† Before removal, the role of the adult stem cell is to preserve and mend the tissue of its host. There are multiple ways to harvest stem cells. The Canadian Cancer Society list several ways that stem cells are removed. Stem cells can be taken from bone marrow, blood, and umbilical cords. The Canadian Cancer Society describes the process of donating stem cells through blood. â€Å"A catheter (thin tube) is placed in a large vein inShow MoreRelatedStem Cells : Justification Of Utilization Of Stem Cell1696 Words   |  7 PagesAnvesha Mukherjee Hong GT Biology 9-1 19 February 2016 Stem Cells: Justification of Utilization of Stem Cells in Injuries/Paralysis Habitually, the majority of significant scientific discoveries that have occurred over the course of human history have been the center of fierce debate and controversy for one reason or another. From radical perspectives such as the Earth’s orbital around the sun to the theory that the planet isn’t geographically flat, scientists are often at the focal point of ethicalRead MoreStem Cell Research And Cures1703 Words   |  7 PagesName Professor Class Date Stem cell research and cures Stems cells are cells that have the ability to differentiate into specific ones. They divide through mitosis and can only be found in organisms that are multicellular. Mammals have two types off stem cells: embryonic stem cells which are obtained from the internal cell mass of blastocysts and adult stem cells which are located in different tissues. In adult organisms, progenitor cells and stem cells function as the repair system of the bodyRead MoreEvolution Of A Common Single Celled Origin1278 Words   |  6 Pagesdrives the diversity and unity of life†. The second is â€Å"Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis†. The third is described as, â€Å"Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes.† And finally the four is â€Å"biological systems interact, and these systems and their interaction possess complex properties†. (College Board). Every organisms are descendents of each another,Read MoreStem Cells And The Future Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesENC 1101-20M 1 December 2016 Stem Cells and the Future What exactly are stem cells? How can the use of these cells benefit us and how exactly are they acquired? Believe it or not stem cells have been in play when it comes to medicine since the 1950’s in France (Steenblock 1). This topic is very controversial and I surmise that it is strongly due to the lack of knowledge when it comes to stem cells and their importance. I, myself, am very intrigued by stem cells and my goal is to define whatRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effects1592 Words   |  7 PagesA future with no more disease, no more limitations to what we can or cannot do, the making of a superhuman, playing God. Scientists can now make humans better than ever by improving their bodies by changing the cells in your body. 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Personally speaking, in choosing the topic for the essay I were mainly interested in the human rights and its nature, how far it could go beyond its origins and control, therefore, addressing age-old questions andRead MoreThe Fluidity Of Cloning : Gender Norms Racial Bias3913 Words   |  16 Pagesanemone undergoing cloning thumb]] In biology, cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells, or organisms. The term also refers to the production of multiple copies of a product such as digital media or software. Molecular cloning Molecular cloning refers to the process

How Information Management And Technology - 1908 Words

While this class may be set up for us to get a taste of entrepreneurship and the difficulties of working in small groups to build a company, this class also sheds light on the rigors of growing a successful company in the start-up realm. But despite its challenges, I knew that this class would provide more insight to working with teams and being able to work collectively in small groups to reach a common goal. That is what interested me most. Going back to the various ways Information Management and Technology can be incorporated in the working world, I think this course has a vital role in the curriculum the iSchool has to offer. Unlike other classes where our knowledge is tested by written exams or presentations, this class is unique in the way where we learn with trial and error. Instead of our work being graded on the finished product, our work is graded on the process of getting to that finished product. I’m currently taking IST 233 and IST 335 and they are quite polar op posites of each other. In IST 233, we’re learning about how computers and routers are setup so they work with other computers across the globe. We’re tested on a daily basis on what we learn throughout the class, but IST 335 is much diverse in the way where the lessons we are taught in class cannot be found in any other course on campus. A lecture that stood out to me was the topic of stress. There have been many times where I have dealt with stress in my life, but because stress is so present inShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Is The Future State Of Health Information Management1591 Words   |  7 PagesReflecting on Using Technology I ve learned that as part of my job you need to utilize technology to your advantage, use it to improve work processes and become an expert so you can train others. Throughout my career, I have had opportunities to improve our work processes by diagnosing the current state of the health information management department and identifying problems that exist, assigning a level of importance to each one, and assessing the kinds of changes needed to solve the problemsRead MoreIdentitative Technology : How Upgrading An Information Management System820 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will show how upgrading an information management system will help the company increase their security and making decisions based on quantitative data once the researcher conducts the research. The Chief Information Officer of the company decided it was time for an upgrade to the company information system. The information technologist will be looking at upgrading the organization hardware, software, networks, and telecommunications system. Therefore, by collecting data, sampling distributionsRead MoreHow Business Management Has Greatly Influenced The World Of Information Technology925 Words   |  4 Pagesof education is to turn mirrors into windows Business management had greatly influenced the world of information technology in the past few decades. Having done my undergraduate degree in the field of Engineering, I worked as an Application Developer in iNautix Technologies for the past 1.5 years. Well exposed to technical and web concepts, I was much intrigued by the rational decisions taken in the business processes that demanded information quality. With the amount of experience that I have gainedRead MoreHow Technology Can Assist or Hinder Information Management Practices in an Organization687 Words   |  3 PagesHow Technology can Assist or Hinder Information Management Practices in an Organization Having advanced technology nowadays can be both of assistance and a nuisance when it comes to handling Information in the workplace. Some examples of assistance are: †¢ Fast access: with the computer systems and technology provided to organizations in the present day, waiting days, weeks or even months is a thing of the past. You can send, receive, look up, browse, edit, create and delete information withRead MoreWhat Exactly Is an Information System? How Does It Work? What Are Its Management, Organization, and Technology Components?1568 Words   |  7 Pages3. What exactly is an information system? How does it work? 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Power dimension in family Free Essays

is power in the family best explained by the first, second or third dimensional view of power ? When we think about power in social context it is can be termed as specific ability of influencing or controlling others . Generally authority is considered as power due to being accepted as social norms. Three dimension of Power can be understood by Lake’s academic theory which says â€Å"three faces of power†. We will write a custom essay sample on Power dimension in family or any similar topic only for you Order Now He discussed how the governments Exercise Its controlling power on people by three ways as by decision-making power, by non decision-making power and by Ideological power. Decision-making power Is easily seen In the people behavior and In the way governments wants It to be: the policy decision making power Is widespread by consulting with the Public representatives and popular voice of public. As government controls the agenda of Important Issues (such as the way education policy In India) unacceptable for Public discussion and debate which moderate public forums In case of non decision making. The third and the Important dimension of of power Is Ideological power, by which thoughts and wishes of public can be altered of influenced -We can see this in Voting patterns and manipulation for Narrate Mood led AND by Middle class even AND was opposing Public distribution system which benefits the lower middle class the Most,which is the example of even getting public want such things who are against their own benefits . Power can be used involve with or without coercion in the family. We can see the simple power relation in between the relationship of Parents and child. Parents takes various kinds of decisions for their children for their betterment and for good future . Or example parents decide about school, they do it for the good of child which is decided by hem only , He can take others advise and may be for example his neighbor may be having more capability to choose better school its comes under the authority of parents only. We can easily see the use of first dimension of power here. Power may be termed in bad meaning or unjust but the use of power is routed in even ancient Era. Its interesting to see the explanation of power in Family. Family is the basic unit of society and cultural. In the family environment, use of power can be seen in different forms. Power dimensions in the family depends on the type of Emily ,Complexity of relationships and family values, Which can be seen In Family decisions and interpersonal relations and mostly it Is evident in family decisions and behavior . Power relations and its dimensions always Influence the decisions of the Family head Ã'› At one extreme, Power can be understood as Influence, power and Influence looks different due to the way power Is used In society . The three dimension of Power is described and discussed In detail by Likes In his book, Power: A Radical View. According to him , The effectiveness and the degree of Involvement of power for any defined group or mere Individual can be understood by different criteria. The Importance of such views and outlooks Is easily explained and debated at length In Likes’ Views, as he explains how use of power can be done In more appropriate way. The One Dimensional View of Power Is best explained by the behavior in decision making, We can see this on key issues and it offers direct related to subjective interests, specially in family relations as to maintain family preferences and demonstration of authority . Family decision are almost taken by Emily head and are binding on family members as they are considered as god for them. We can see the use of first degree of power in daily family life. Its always depends on the thinking of Family head, his values understanding and need of the family. Family heads take decision to avoid the conflict . In nuclear families ,Use of first dimension of power can be easily seen as the nature of conflict and differences in interest are simple in nature. As of small size of family ,direct Communication plays very important role and conflict can be simply resolved with less involvement f negotiations, sometime by give and take relationship which can be seen openly in case of conflict. It can make or break the relationships in nuclear family where there is no influence and support of extended which provides room for flexibility in relationship. As the application of above, we can see rising no of divorce cases in urban life. First degree of power also be easily seen in Joint family in India. Although there are complex structures in family relationships in Joint families, then also there are direct conflicts which need decision by choice of family head for the interest of he family members. Normally it comes with responsibility and social obligation in joint family . Onus shifts on the earning member of the family. It is very interesting to see the structure and power relations in Indian Joint family where family interests are guided by certain family values and social pressure which is declining and tending towards nuclear family. Declining family values are weakening family bonds which better explains the three dimensional view of power. The Two Dimensional Power is Can be termed as the critique of behavior and focuses on decision-making ND non decision-making. We can even see the two dimension of power in economics of family which can be related to the earning member. Suppose parents has less income which didn’t allow them to exercise their choice to admit the child to specific school they choose . Sometimes social structure plays important role in such types of family decisions and when its prohibits or promotes exercise of choice ,3rd degree of power can be easily seen. Sometimes Parents express their displeasure about some acts of children and they are able to modify behavior even without use of force which an be termed as 2nd dimension of power. It also looks at current and potential issues and expands the focus on observable conflict to those types that might be observed overtly or covertly. But the Two Dimensional View still focuses on subjective interests, though those seen as policy preferences or even grievances . We can easily see relates to our Joint family where behavior of child is controlled by fear of parents. Even in other relations in the family , individual members of family limits ,controls and guide their behavior to accommodate the needs of other family embers. I have personally seen this in Joint families where Female members prefer to eat after every member of family finish their eating and sometimes they don’t have enough to eat. N this example we can easily see the deterrent value of two dimension of power even this is the main reason of Child and Female malnutrition in the rural part of country. Family decisions are infused by extended members, Close relatives and community members . Sometime family values have a lot say into family decisions. Family values and views of extended family members play very crucial role understand it by chill marr iage and honor killing are sues which are social evils but still in practice in India. Concept of family Honor or ZETA is closely related to the third dimension of Power. Sometime Popular views ,fashions and Our role models also play very important role in modifying or influencing our family decisions. Family Buying decisions and cultural following is the best example of third dimension of power. The Power Structure and three dimensions of power can be easily understood by happenings In Rural North India, where issue of cast, class and gender are inter elated. People have inherited tendency of enforcing cast and kinship codes from Colonial period when even Colonial court of law consider marriage without parental consent illegal . Family status and Social acceptance Plays very important role in rural life. The greater danger to the honor and zeta ideology comes from the female which tends the demands a sacrifice of the natural ties created by biology which tries to justifies honor killing. Considerations of class and status establish ones status in society which encourages members within caste for conflict and violence in intra- asset marriage alliances. The female guardianship is related to power and control The low female ratio to male also played important role in controlling female sexuality. The need of hour is to create awareness which with the help of Community and Participation of religious / social leaders to encounter the social evil of honor killing. Woman empowerment and woman reservation can also play import roll as tool of social Justice. So from the above we can see that power in the family best explained by the first, second or third dimensional view of power . How to cite Power dimension in family, Papers

Power dimension in family Free Essays

is power in the family best explained by the first, second or third dimensional view of power ? When we think about power in social context it is can be termed as specific ability of influencing or controlling others . Generally authority is considered as power due to being accepted as social norms. Three dimension of Power can be understood by Lake’s academic theory which says â€Å"three faces of power†. We will write a custom essay sample on Power dimension in family or any similar topic only for you Order Now He discussed how the governments Exercise Its controlling power on people by three ways as by decision-making power, by non decision-making power and by Ideological power. Decision-making power Is easily seen In the people behavior and In the way governments wants It to be: the policy decision making power Is widespread by consulting with the Public representatives and popular voice of public. As government controls the agenda of Important Issues (such as the way education policy In India) unacceptable for Public discussion and debate which moderate public forums In case of non decision making. The third and the Important dimension of of power Is Ideological power, by which thoughts and wishes of public can be altered of influenced -We can see this in Voting patterns and manipulation for Narrate Mood led AND by Middle class even AND was opposing Public distribution system which benefits the lower middle class the Most,which is the example of even getting public want such things who are against their own benefits . Power can be used involve with or without coercion in the family. We can see the simple power relation in between the relationship of Parents and child. Parents takes various kinds of decisions for their children for their betterment and for good future . Or example parents decide about school, they do it for the good of child which is decided by hem only , He can take others advise and may be for example his neighbor may be having more capability to choose better school its comes under the authority of parents only. We can easily see the use of first dimension of power here. Power may be termed in bad meaning or unjust but the use of power is routed in even ancient Era. Its interesting to see the explanation of power in Family. Family is the basic unit of society and cultural. In the family environment, use of power can be seen in different forms. Power dimensions in the family depends on the type of Emily ,Complexity of relationships and family values, Which can be seen In Family decisions and interpersonal relations and mostly it Is evident in family decisions and behavior . Power relations and its dimensions always Influence the decisions of the Family head Ã'› At one extreme, Power can be understood as Influence, power and Influence looks different due to the way power Is used In society . The three dimension of Power is described and discussed In detail by Likes In his book, Power: A Radical View. According to him , The effectiveness and the degree of Involvement of power for any defined group or mere Individual can be understood by different criteria. The Importance of such views and outlooks Is easily explained and debated at length In Likes’ Views, as he explains how use of power can be done In more appropriate way. The One Dimensional View of Power Is best explained by the behavior in decision making, We can see this on key issues and it offers direct related to subjective interests, specially in family relations as to maintain family preferences and demonstration of authority . Family decision are almost taken by Emily head and are binding on family members as they are considered as god for them. We can see the use of first degree of power in daily family life. Its always depends on the thinking of Family head, his values understanding and need of the family. Family heads take decision to avoid the conflict . In nuclear families ,Use of first dimension of power can be easily seen as the nature of conflict and differences in interest are simple in nature. As of small size of family ,direct Communication plays very important role and conflict can be simply resolved with less involvement f negotiations, sometime by give and take relationship which can be seen openly in case of conflict. It can make or break the relationships in nuclear family where there is no influence and support of extended which provides room for flexibility in relationship. As the application of above, we can see rising no of divorce cases in urban life. First degree of power also be easily seen in Joint family in India. Although there are complex structures in family relationships in Joint families, then also there are direct conflicts which need decision by choice of family head for the interest of he family members. Normally it comes with responsibility and social obligation in joint family . Onus shifts on the earning member of the family. It is very interesting to see the structure and power relations in Indian Joint family where family interests are guided by certain family values and social pressure which is declining and tending towards nuclear family. Declining family values are weakening family bonds which better explains the three dimensional view of power. The Two Dimensional Power is Can be termed as the critique of behavior and focuses on decision-making ND non decision-making. We can even see the two dimension of power in economics of family which can be related to the earning member. Suppose parents has less income which didn’t allow them to exercise their choice to admit the child to specific school they choose . Sometimes social structure plays important role in such types of family decisions and when its prohibits or promotes exercise of choice ,3rd degree of power can be easily seen. Sometimes Parents express their displeasure about some acts of children and they are able to modify behavior even without use of force which an be termed as 2nd dimension of power. It also looks at current and potential issues and expands the focus on observable conflict to those types that might be observed overtly or covertly. But the Two Dimensional View still focuses on subjective interests, though those seen as policy preferences or even grievances . We can easily see relates to our Joint family where behavior of child is controlled by fear of parents. Even in other relations in the family , individual members of family limits ,controls and guide their behavior to accommodate the needs of other family embers. I have personally seen this in Joint families where Female members prefer to eat after every member of family finish their eating and sometimes they don’t have enough to eat. N this example we can easily see the deterrent value of two dimension of power even this is the main reason of Child and Female malnutrition in the rural part of country. Family decisions are infused by extended members, Close relatives and community members . Sometime family values have a lot say into family decisions. Family values and views of extended family members play very crucial role understand it by chill marr iage and honor killing are sues which are social evils but still in practice in India. Concept of family Honor or ZETA is closely related to the third dimension of Power. Sometime Popular views ,fashions and Our role models also play very important role in modifying or influencing our family decisions. Family Buying decisions and cultural following is the best example of third dimension of power. The Power Structure and three dimensions of power can be easily understood by happenings In Rural North India, where issue of cast, class and gender are inter elated. People have inherited tendency of enforcing cast and kinship codes from Colonial period when even Colonial court of law consider marriage without parental consent illegal . Family status and Social acceptance Plays very important role in rural life. The greater danger to the honor and zeta ideology comes from the female which tends the demands a sacrifice of the natural ties created by biology which tries to justifies honor killing. Considerations of class and status establish ones status in society which encourages members within caste for conflict and violence in intra- asset marriage alliances. The female guardianship is related to power and control The low female ratio to male also played important role in controlling female sexuality. The need of hour is to create awareness which with the help of Community and Participation of religious / social leaders to encounter the social evil of honor killing. Woman empowerment and woman reservation can also play import roll as tool of social Justice. So from the above we can see that power in the family best explained by the first, second or third dimensional view of power . How to cite Power dimension in family, Papers

The New Negro Summary free essay sample

English II Summary In the beginning Locke tells us about â€Å"the tide of Negro migration†. During this time in a movement known as the Great Migration, thousand of African Americans also known as Negros left their homes in the South and moved North toward the beach line of big cities in search of employment and a new beginning. They left the South because of racial violence such as the Ku Klux Klan and economic discrimination not able to obtain work. Their migration was an expression of their changing attitudes toward themselves as Locke said best From The New Negro, and has been described as something like a spiritual emancipation. Many African Americans moved to Harlem, a neighborhood located in Manhattan. Back in the day Harlem became the world’s largest black community; also home to a diverse mix of cultures. Having extraordinary outbreak of inspired movement revealed their unique culture and encouraged them to discover their heritage; and becoming the New Negro,† Also known as â€Å"New Negro Movement,† it was later named the Harlem Renaissance. We will write a custom essay sample on The New Negro Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Realizing that America was not yet the racial equal country that it idealized to be, African Americans made sure to keep themselves conscious of what society would react to them. In order to create successful and meaningful literature, African American writers were forced to fully educate themselves on the government and history so as to compile accurate literature. One such writer was James Weldon Johnson; taking on the persona of a black preacher, he was able to greatly impress upon the black community how important it was to have a strong faith in God and in oneself. Catapulting the 1920s artistic movement that created a bulk of the first major literary pieces by African Americans, Johnson was the ancestor of great men and women such as Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Wallace Thurman, and W. E. B. Du Bois. Langston Hughes is often called the poet laureate of Harlem. His poetry is an effective commentary on the adverse conditions faced by blacks in America during the 20th Century. Hughes placed a particular emphasis on Harlem, an area in New York that was predominately Black, which became a Mecca for many hopeful blacks in the first half of the 1900s. Hughes has a theme in most of his poetry, in other words his writing style was to write poetry that is called dream deferred. His use of a dream deferred focus in several poems paints a vivid picture of the disappointment and dismay that blacks in America faced in Harlem. Furthermore, as each his poems develop, so does the feeling behind a dream deferred, his words make the reader feel the growing anger and seriousness even more at each new stanza. In order to understand Hughes idea of the dream deferred, one must have a working knowledge of the history of Harlem. It was first intended to be the home of an upper class white community, many fancy brownstones attracted wealthy whites. Between 1906 and 1910, when whites were forcing blacks out of their own homes and neighborhoods in uptown Manhattan, the blacks began to move into Harlem to create their communities again. Due to absurd racial fears, the whites in the area began to move out. Between 1910 and the early 1940s, more blacks began flooding into the area for a safe harbor from all over the world, fleeing from the racial intolerance of the South and the economic problems of the Caribbean and Latin America. At this point, Harlem became an entirely black area where comfort was created for all of them. Although it seemed to be a good thing, this town once filled with much potential, soon became riddled with overpopulation, exploitation, and poverty. Thus, what awaited new arrivals was not a dream; rather, it was a dream deferred. They began to hurt themselves without even knowing it. Harlem, Hughes first poem, clearly outlines the dream deferred theme, setting the pace for the poems to follow. The poem begins with, What happens to a dream deferred? The poem explains the dream, the promise of Harlem, and what blacks hoped to find there: opportunity, improved conditions for living, and the freedom from racial intolerance. When blacks arrived in Harlem, though, their dream was deferred; instead of the opportunities they had envisioned, they were faced with congestion, mistreatment, and dearth. It is clear that at the beginning of Harlem, the frame of mind that accompanies a dream deferred is a questioning one that begins a search for characterization. This mood, which Hughes develops as each poem progresses, encourages the reader to reflect upon the meaning of a dream deferred, is preparing them for its development. As the poem continues, it lists the different possible fates of a dream that unfortunately never become reality. Hughes unique poetical vision and insight is the main reason for Hughes prominence. He sometimes has been considered a superior poet than Countee Cullen. Since Cullen had documented his disagreements with Hughes poetry, many claimed that he was limited in vision. However, Cullen did agree with Hughes poetical subject matter. Hughes believed, and practiced, that any aspect of life common to African-Americans was worth writing about. He stated that it was best to include Afro-speech in poetry. It is evident that in Hughes point of view black life was worth philosophizing about. On the other hand, Cullen did not believe that poetry should be used to describe daily life; he believed that poetry should be specifically set apart from everyday life. It was this type of perceptual limitation that set Hughes apart from other African-American poets, including Cullen. Although his views were different, Countee Cullen was also a greatly significant personality during the Harlem Renaissance. It was said that he was an American poet, a leading figure with Langston Hughes in the Harlem Renaissance. His work is also an excellent contribution to the foundation of the Renaissance. In Countee Cullens poem If You Should Go, he emphasizes on the understanding of human joys and sorrows, for people of all races. The use of different examples exhibits the importance of joy, such as love and dream. Both of the stanzas include a persons feeling or reaction towards joy during happy moments as well as the feelings after the joyous moment has passed. In this poem, Cullen cleverly conveys several different messages to the reader. One of the themes of the poem is that one never realizes what he/she has until it is lost. In this case it refers to joyous moments. In the second stanza, the poet also tells the reader that joy creates an everlasting memory in a persons mind that is then exhibited in the persons personality or the gleam on the [persons] face. Although, Cullen does not mention whom the love is directed towards in the first stanza, and neither what the dream is about in the second stanza the reader can interpret that it has been said in a positive manner. Using a classic example of metaphor, love is compared to the light that brightens a day just the way in which joys brightens peoples lives. Not only in this poem, but also in each of Cullens poem he displays this same ingenious writing style. Cullens contribution to the Harlem Renaissance is a privilege for the era. All of the writers created an amazing outreach to the rest of the world with their different and unique pieces of work. The writers of the time period described the Negro dilemma: the problem of cultural affiliation and the inability to resolve the seamy reality of the present with the dream of ancestral homelands. They explain the paradoxical crisis of self-expression and perception, fulfillment of the white-propagated stereotype of primitivism, while corrupting their noble, yet untamed African impulses. They suffer under the dilemma of political inefficacy, suppressing radical political impulses with the passive-resistant front of a falsely smiling face. Thus, the Negro dilemma seemingly presents itself in full. The writers of the Harlem Renaissance have gracefully portrayed the truth of what the past was like for them, and people today need to recognize that they went through all of this in order to be what they are today. They are a tremendous contribution to the society of the United States today, and without them it most likely would not be as well rounded and diversified as it is now

module 1 assignment C Essay examples

module 1 assignment C Essay examples module 1 assignment C Essay examples Module 1: TMA C Question 1 Temperature Time (Seconds) PH 10 ºc 95 7 15 ºc 65 7.2 20 ºc 42 7.1 25 ºc 30 7.4 Question 2 (a) Two sets of rats were used so there would be a control set in both parts of the experiment. The experiment was to see the effect of milk on the development of the rats. By giving one set milk for a certain amount of time then stopping the milk after 18 days and giving the same amount to the other set It was possible to control the variables that may effect the results. (b) 20 rats were used rather than two to ensure reliability of the investigation. If just 2 rats were used the end results may have been caused by another factor other than milk, such as illness of one of the rats. By using so many rats an average of the results can be calculated and therefore the end result more accurate. (c) Calcium – a mineral found in milk that is responsible for making teeth and bones. Vitamin A - a vitamin found in milk responsible immune health and for normal growth and development of body tissues. (d) Young rats were used rather than adults because this investigation was measuring an increase or decrease of mass of the rats. Young rats were going through a time of rapid development, in adults most of the growing would have already occurred and thererfore we would not have such an informed result of the effect of milk on development. (e) In previous investigations, rats that were given no milk became ill and died, the rats needed to stay alive for ethical reason, reliability and accuracy of the investigation. Switching the diets after 18 days was important for reasons such as; The rats with no milk in the first set were given milk before they died, therefore this made the full investigation possible. We can see what happens when milk is added to the previously deprived set, the rats begin to grow normally and in correlation with the set who were given milk in the first place. This adds proof that milk has an effect on growth. We can see what happens when milk is omitted from the diet, the rats stop thriving and growth rate actually drops. This adds further proof that milk has an effect on the growth and development of rats. Question 3 (a) X – Bile duct (b) B - Stomach (c) C – Pancreas (d) G – Ileum (small intestine) (e) A – Liver (f) D or F Colon (large intestine) Not clear from diagram if F is rectum or colon. Question 4 (a) 1. pancreas 2. Small intestine (b) Salivary glands and pancreas (c) ileum (d) Liver Question 5 (a) The function of the stomach is not to digest food, its fucntion is to break down food using enzymes, digestion takes place in the small intestine. â€Å"The function of the stomach is to break down food using enzymes†. (b) The small intestine doesn't actually absorb food it is here that food is absorbed. â€Å"Food

Quotations

Quotations Quotations Quotations By Mark Nichol When quotations are integrated into the syntax of a sentence, joining forces with a paraphrase to create an extended statement, the first word in the original quote is generally not capitalized. Here are three examples of sentences in which the quotation’s initial word is demoted. 1. Without federal instructions, he added, â€Å"People are just going to keep putting stuff out on the road with no guidance on how do we do this the right way.† The quotation marks accurately denote the speaker’s exact statement, but the writer has inserted a modifying phrase to provide additional context, paraphrasing the speaker’s intent. Because the combination of this phrase and the original statement constitute a grammatically complete sentence, the first word of the original quotation should be lowercased to indicate that it has been incorporated into a more comprehensive statement: â€Å"Without federal instructions, he added, ‘people are just going to keep putting stuff out on the road with no guidance on how do we do this the right way.’† (As originally written, the implication is that the person added the comment despite having no federal instructions.) 2. â€Å"You can admit that ‘Yes, there is a need in a humane society for institutions that take care of people who are poor.’† As with the previous example, the initial paraphrase has been inserted to provide context, so yes is no longer the first word of a sentence. Also, normally, when that serves as a bridge from a paraphrase to a quotation, in order to provide a seamless syntax, no punctuation follows that. Here, however, yes is an interjection, so it must be preceded and followed by punctuation: â€Å"You can admit that, ‘yes, there is a need in a humane society for institutions that take care of people who are poor.’† 3. The lawsuit also alleges that Remington and the other defendants â€Å"Marketed and promoted the assaultive qualities and military uses of AR-15s to civilian purchasers.† Here, the quoted material was never stated or written as a complete sentence. As a partial quotation, it should begin with a word that starts with a lowercase letter: â€Å"The lawsuit also alleges that Remington and the other defendants ‘marketed and promoted the assaultive qualities and military uses of AR-15s to civilian purchasers.’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals80 Idioms with the Word TimeShore It Up

Initiating Change in the Manufacturing and Distribution Division of Case Study

Initiating Change in the Manufacturing and Distribution Division of PolyProd on page 241-246 in the Cummings & Worley tex - Case Study Example PolyProd is an epitome of failing to upgrade existing information management practices. The Manufacturing and Distribution Division (M & D Div) is in dire need for change initiation. There is a serious gap between the actual thing the company ought to do and what it really does. The M & D Div is riddled with strong opposition to large-scale or externally initiated change. The organization’s headquarter s is characterized by conservatism and unwillingness to change. It is also still wobbling from swift growth that has caused its transformation into universal business center. Lastly, the headquarters suffers from cultural discontinuity. There is extremely high cost of connection between the headquarters and subsidiaries (Cummings & Worley, 2009). The causes of M & D Div’s documentation problems are numerous and intertwined. The top management tried to upgrade documentation quality in the past. The implementation of the change was incomplete leading to the collapse after some early triumph. This happened because the organization’s climate never supported the change. The project social and technical features were not adequately incorporated (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Poor coordination between headquarters and local sites contributed to insufficient organizational climate change. Documentation was also deficient of trained and experienced staff (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Organizational structure and culture played huge role in change implementation failure. The case study is crucial in understanding the complexity of implementing change in large organizations, especially technology-oriented

Logbook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Logbook - Essay Example For initial understanding of the term terrorism, I got the U.S. Law definition of terrorism which means â€Å" pre-meditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents†. Then I gathered materials from the internet regarding its concepts and the September 11 attacks and related information. After knowing and understanding the broader meaning and description of terrorism, I gathered the needed information: the who’s, what, why, how and the results and impact of the said attacks. Likewise, I saw the need to have an overview of the Middle East to have a better understanding of the said tragic incident. Basically the Middle East is a region rich in oil. The politics and issues stemming from the region have mostly revolved around oil and Israel. With this major energy reserves which helped support western economies many superpowers have been involved in the Middle East such as the US, Britain, Soviet Un ion, and France and also because of its location in the map. In contemporary times, foreign interest in the region had mostly been credited yo the oil reserves and its strategic position. After the first week , I gained a deeper insight of the September 11 attacks and had a better understanding of the whole incident taking special attention on the details on who are its perpetrators and their background, the root cause, why it happened, how it happened and the resulting actions especially from the US Administration headed by former Pres. George W. Bush. I really did not have much knowledge before of the whole incident and the plan of action of Pres. Bush after the incident particularly on the war against terror declared on the 22nd of September and other major changes relative to his efforts against terrorism (e.g. U.S. Patriot Act in October 2007). I have gained sufficient understanding of the perpetrators referred to as Osama Bin Laden through his Al-Qaida terrorist organization , and their aims which are to inflict terror on the people and authorities governing the most powerful nation in the world as they do not agree with the actions and ideologies of the US. This helped me developed a logical researching skills. It also helped me understand the September 11 attacks by gathering an overview of the Middle East which was quite easy for me to accomplish. After gathering all the information on the background of this world-acclaimed phenomenon through the internet and library materials, I am prepared to write chapter 1 of my dissertation. The major sources which I used included the following: America Attacked 9 11 by attacked911.tripod.com/, September 11,2001- washington.com. The parts of Chapter 1 which I considered challenging are the perpetrators and their background, the reasons for doing the attacks and the plans of former Pres. Bush after the attacks. I developed a logical researching skill by understanding the motivations of the perpetrators and their b ackground. As I went on with my research I began to develop critical thinking skills. This requires that I analyze and evaluate all the information I gathered to select which are most relevant and appropriate for the discussion of every issue in the topic of 9/11 attacks. Indeed it was tough and difficult to choose the best information for a thorough and complete discussion of the issues like the war against terror and the alleged implication of Iraq in the 9/11 attacks.

Violation of Rights in the Film Guilty by Suspicion :: essays research papers

America is the land of the free. America is the land in which "Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech or the right of the people peaceably to assemble." (Amendment I to the US Constitution.) This means that Americans can say whatever they believe, and be part of any club, group, or political affiliation they choose. The Bill of Rights also declares in the Fifth Amendment that ?No Person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." This means that in court, a person may remain silent, and cannot be forced to incriminate themselves. An American also may not be deprived of their life, freedom, or belongings without a trial. Guilty by Suspicion is about how the violation of these rights affected normal, innocent, Americans. Many, many lives were ruined by the unjust accusations and the insistence on confessing that others were Communists. In Guilty by Suspicion, I really understood how the characters felt. The one standout actor was Patricia Wettig, as Dorothy. She was heartbreaking as the actress who commits suicide after she is accused of being a Communist by her husband, she cannot find work, and her child is taken away from her. Joe Lesser was a small but memorable character played by Martin Scorsese. Joe was memorable because his hyper, obnoxious, Chihuahua-like acting style really took away from the solemnity of the rest of the movie. The filming was not especially notable, but there were other nice effects. The period music was great, with motifs such as Louis Armstrong. The continuing music and film from the classic Gentlemen Prefer Blondes was wonderful. It was ironic that when David id being told to get a lawyer, so he won?

Gulf Oil Analysis Essay

Statement of Problem & Alternatives George Keller of the Standard Oil Company of California (Socal) is considering how much to bid for Gulf Oil Corporation (Gulf), which is currently in the middle of a bidding war. Gulf is unwilling to consider bids below $70 per share even though their share price was $39 at the time Boone Pickens began purchasing shares in the hopes of a takeover. II. Statement of Facts and Assumptions Under the direction of James Lee, Gulf pursued a twofold strategy. First, Gulf renewed its focused on oil whereas in the past, Gulf had developed into an energy conglomerate through various acquisitions of coalmines, uranium mines, and synthetic fuel plants. These ventures would be de-emphasized going forward. For second part of the strategy, Gulf planned to implement a policy of increased expenditures on exploration and development (E&D). During the years leading up to the takeover attempt, Gulf more than doubled its exploration outlays. While Gulf was continuing with its ambitious E&D program, the real price of oil and natural gas declined from 1982 through 1983. As 1984 began, almost all industry experts were in agreement that the price of oil (in constant dollars) was not expected to change for the following 10 years. Lee trimmed exploration expenditures in 1983 in response to these changing fundamentals. Even at the reduced level, spending for exploration in real terms equaled or exceeded that of every year before Lee’s arrival except one. Based on this picture, Socal needs to value Gulf. There are several sources of value that can be considered: the value of Gulf’s petroleum reserves; the cost savings related to the immediate suspension of Gulf’s E&D program; the tax benefits associated with additional leverage; the value added by shortening the recovery lag; and the value of any adverse effe cts due to the acquisition of Gulf by a competitor1. In addition to calculating Gulf’s reserve value, Socal needs to be mindful of its competition. Both Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) and Kohlberg Kravis  Roberts & Company (KKR) are financially limited should Gulf’s share price continue to escalate. It would be difficult for ARCO to bid more than $75.00 per share given that its resulting debt-to-capital ratio would exceed 60% (historically high). KKR is in a similar situation. Mesa, led by Pickens, currently holds 13.2% of Gulf’s stock at an average purchase price of $43. In order to bid successfully, Mesa would have to borrow many times their net worth. With banks queuing up to lend money to support an $80 share price (or higher), Socal will have to take on a considerable amount of financial leverage. III. Analysis Although there are multiple sources of value, this analysis focuses on valuing Gulf’s reserves, assuming E&D activities will cease post acquisition (liquidation value). The critical elements that enter into the valuation of Gulf’s reserves are: Acquisition date: Since we are trying to establish why Gulf became so valuable within a short period of time from when their share price was $39 to when a minimum bid level of $70 per share was established, it’s appropriate to use January 1st, 1984 as the first year Socal assumed ownership of Gulf. Reserve life: Assumed a reserve-to-production ratio of 12:1. It takes approximately 4 years for the stream to come online and the field, once online, is productive for another 7-10 yrs. Based on this ratio, Gulf’s reserves are depleted at a rate of 192.75 million barrels per year over a 12-year period. Inflation rate: 4.67% based on the average inflation rates observed between 1982 and 1983. There was an unusually high rate of inflation between 1978 and 1981 so years prior to 1982 were not included. However, a sensitivity analysis was performed to observe the effects of a higher inflation rate based on historical averages (see Exhibit 1). Oil sales: Oil price is expected to stay at $22.42 in constant dollars (prices are adjusted for inflation). Production costs: Production cost per barrel is expected to stay at $6.48 in constant dollars (prices are adjusted for inflation). See Exhibit 2. Exploration costs: The capitalized portion of past extraction costs are recognized as depreciation when the corresponding oil is produced. These depreciation expenses vary from year to year based on historical costs. See Exhibit 3. Working capital: For this analysis, working capital is assumed to be negligible given that the analysis is geared towards determining Gulf’s reserve value. Capital  expenditures: For this analysis, capital outlays are assumed to be zero given that the analysis is geared towards determining Gulf’s reserve value. Gulf’s E&D program ceases post acquisition. Discount rate: Gulf’s weighted average cost of capital calculated to be 15.35%. See Exhibit 4. Utilizing a discount rate of 15.35% and the assumptions outlined above with a free cash flow model (see Exhibit 6), Gulf’s reserves are worth an estimated $80.73 share ($16,120.69M)2. Adjusting the inflation upwards to 8.37%, Gulf’s reserves are worth an estimated $96.16 per share ($15,895.35M). Since Socal would be taking on additional debt, it’s important to check whether or not future free cash flows cover the incremental interest expense. Exhibit 7 shows that future cash flows easily cover interest expense associated with up to a $90 per share purchase price. Additionally, taking the free cash flow derived in Exhibit 6 (basis for an $80.73 share price) and discounting based on Socal’s WACC (16.96% – see Exhibit 5), we arrive at a reserve valuation of $75.56 per share. Adjusting inflation upwards to 8.37% and discounting at Socal’s WACC, Gulf’s reserves are worth an estimated $89.65 per share.3 IV. Recommendations Based on the analysis, a bid of $75.56 per share for Gulf is appropriate. A bid above this price would result in a loss for Socal shareholders. This price is also above the $75 threshold, which if offered by ARCO or KKR would send their leverage above historical highs (greater than 60%). Given the valuations sensitivity to the assumed inflation rate, discount rate, and recovery lag, $75.56 represents a pessimistic valuation giving Socal management room to adjust its bid upwards if necessary. These estimates do not consider the possibility of recovering Gulf’s unrelated fixed assets. It’s important to note, the analysis is very sensitive to the discount rate assumed, recovery lag, and the inflation rate.

Business Project Mont Blanc and Cross - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1061 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Company History As young gifted craftsmen in the area, we quickly picked up the best skills that could aid us in becoming one of the largest companies that produce a high-quality range of writing instruments. This reputation enabled Montblanc Inc. to be the firm with a great competency with upscale brands such as Mont Blanc and Cross. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Project: Mont Blanc and Cross" essay for you Create order And as luck would have it, the construction boom in 2000 meant that we would not have enough skilled labor that would help in meeting the burgeoning demand and supply for these instruments (Shapira, 2017 pg. 31). And so, we have attempted in looking for partners up to the necessary scale, appropriate quality, and meticulous process that is significant in manufacturing such global products that would give Montblanc Inc. a market entry into the United Arab Emirates (UAE) markets. Montblanc Inc. is a privately held business but will be registered as a Limited company. In the next 5 years, the company aims to have made many fundamental changes. Additionally, the focus on low-cost manufacturing, like the United States ‘exports, would be completely stopped, and the focus shifted to other European countries. This would see the company gaining more and more capability in producing writing instruments, and in turn earning a good reputation in the niche. Introductory Summary Montblanc Inc. seeks to employ all its core competencies in achieving a sustainable constructive context where other competitors cannot provide the same value of brands as produced by Montblanc Inc (Podszuweit et.al, 2001 pg. 39). Already, Montblanc Inc. has been on the forefront in developing core competencies in (1) producing branded products with high quality amongst which its images will be recognized by consumers; (2) heightening reputation among the retailers through being reliable to them by delivering the requested products and in the right quantity; and (3) creating a sense of togetherness among the consumers. This way, the firm aims to improve these kinds of competencies that will see the marketing efforts increasing the product numbers that are offered as distribution across (Fritz et.al, 1970 pg. 22). Through creating a coherent context with retailers, consumers and those supplying the products, Montblanc Inc. believes that it can create a sustainable and competitive adva ntage over its rivals. Running Formation As Montblanc Inc. will be starting as a small enterprise, where the planned staff is in corresponding proportion with the size of the company and the projected revenues, and employee costs will be held at a minimum to reach the point at which the company starts earning some profits. Position Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Manager $ 50,000 $ 60,000 $ 70,000 Cashier $ 31,000 $ 40,000 $ 49,000 Distributors $ 42,000 $ 44,000 $ 52,000 Accountant $ 29,000 $ 35,000 $ 39,000 Total People 7 11 13 Total Payroll $ 152,000 $ 179,000 $210,000 An extra $900 will be included in the personnel plan to account for additional taxes yearly in the payroll budget. Market Analysis Because of the initiator’s connections within the context of UAE, Montblanc Inc.’s focus on the future is going to be minimizing the risk of dependency in the brands it produces. As well, it will seek to maintain operational efficiency and improve the great design. However, the main agenda is to incorporate technology across the value chain, where for instance, the company will launch a Cross app that will aid the distributors with real time perfection of inventory any place at any time. As if that is not enough, there are some pretty significant brands that would help the company to grow in relation to the complete model of working with Cross (Fritz et.al, 1970 pg. 61). It was established in 1846 in Rhode Island and is preferred as the official writing partner for the White House. This is one of the brands that is respected with a reputation for being capable of crafting fine writing instruments. And so, getting into accessories that have the same brand name would cert ainly increase the global pace of market accessories by an estimated rate of 15 percent annually. Even if some past experiences have failed, Montblanc Inc. looks forward to turning it up to be a perfect blending. Alongside taking over the complete brands in the market, there is also the need to incorporate licenses that would see Montblanc Inc. participating in the over Euro 1 billion types of writing instruments in the market. SWOT Scrutiny Every company has its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, so does Montblanc Inc. These are deliberated along with how they influence the operations of the company. Through providing a wide array of services by building a modern culture and brand that would be more amenable to the plans in future; this creates strengths of this new company (Coman and Ronen, 2009 pg. 54). Nevertheless, the weaknesses of Montblanc Inc. rests in the aspect of bearing in mind that this is a new venture, a business that is unfamiliar, and that some brands can be expensive to offer in comparison to other rivals. Even if the weaknesses can be addressed, they lie on the compelling aspect towards achieving the marketing strategy. Strengths Basis for forming a strong management team Located in a significant center that promotes excellence Forming a well-focused management staff, thereby improving the distributions of product into range of offerings Weaknesses Lack of appropriate awareness among the customers involved New and unknown brands of writing instruments Improve in technology may alter the market in distinct directions Absence of enough marketing expertise Opportunities Export market might offer a very great potential The market context is expected to grow rapidly Distribution channels that seek new products Threats Slowdown in economy could diminish the targeted segment in the market Market might be sensitive to change in prices Change in context of technology might make some brands obsolete Implementation Strategy Over and again, the main strategy of implementing this plan is via monitoring customer services and cost-effective measures. Therefore, it will be our goal to offer quality writing instruments and professional staffs who will lead in all functions with advanced customer service (Herrnring et.al, 1979 pg. 41). On the implementation stage, employees will be offered with service training on attitudes, perceptions to customers, and ways of addressing complaints from the customers. Anticipated Investment The founders of the Montblanc Inc. have invested personal savings worth $415,000 to initially start-up the Company for the purposes of balancing both the losses and profits for the first one year of the business. When the company grows in three-year time, there might be the need to offer loans and add new employees. Nonetheless, there is no need for instant capital at the moment.